Speaking of power laws, some named examples:
Pareto wealth distribution: Number N of people with wealth greater than x is described by log(N) = Log(A) – (m)log(x), where A and m are constants. (Vilfredo Pareto, 1896, “courbe des revenus de Pareto”)
Zipf’s Law: Size (cities, word frequencies, etc.) decreases as the reciprocal of rank. Generalized as the rank size rule. (George Kingsley Zipf, 1930s)
Benford’s Law: The probability that a particular statistic starts with digit N is log10(1+1/N). (Simon Newcomb, 1881; Frank Benford, 1938)
Some other resources: